Nuclear war or testing fallout can lead to immediate, long-term, and transgenerational consequences, including severe health problems like cancers and birth defects, environmental contamination of land and water, and significant psychosocial and cultural impacts on communities. Fallout can make areas uninhabitable for decades, and the effects are often more heavily felt by minority, rural, or indigenous populations, who are frequently displaced and denied adequate health care. Environmental contamination Land and water: Rainfall can wash radioactive material into rivers, lakes, and the soil, contaminating drinking water and agricultural land. Food chain: Plants can absorb radioactive particles, leading to bioaccumulation in the food chain as animals eat contaminated plants or other animals. Long-term contamination: Some radioactive isotopes can remain in the environment for centuries, making land unsafe for habitation and agriculture. Ecological damage: Fallout can cause damage to ecosystems, such as coral reefs, which can lead to other issues like increased poisoning from fish consumption (ciguatera). Many affected communities have received little or no compensation for illnesses caused by radiation exposure or for their displacement, reports Missouri Independent and ICAN - International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4165831/ Beloud